East Indies Campaigns:
Publisher’s Preview
By Mike Bennighof, Ph.D.
January 2024

After a brief flurry of activity in the first weeks of the Great War, the Imperial Japanese Navy remained idle for the next four years of conflict. A destroyer flotilla served in the Mediterranean, hunting Austro-Hungarian submarines, but the battleships and battle cruisers built at such unaffordable expense remained in home waters.

That’s not what happens in Great War at Sea: East Indies Campaigns. The Japanese fleet strikes south in a campaign much like that from Second World War at Sea: Java Sea, except that they’re doing it with dreadnoughts, there is no appreciable air cover, and the Dutch defenders of the East Indies are ready to fight back with dreadnoughts of their own.

East Indies Campaigns is a Great War at Sea scenario book, telling the story of a Japanese campaign in the South Seas that never happened. It gives you, the player, the chance to use all of those beautiful Japanese ships (with brand-new artwork!) from Cruiser Warfare’s Second Edition and Rise of the Dragon, plus the Dutch fleet from Jutland, on the maps from Second World War at Sea: Java Sea (or from Plan Orange; they’re the same maps).

We published a book sort of like this, written/designed by Jim Stear and called Dutch East Indies, way back in 2012. That pre-dates both our story-arc format (the way we write/design almost all of our games and books now) and the Second Edition of Great War at Sea’s series rules. The older book also pulled pieces from Great War at Sea games that are no longer in print, so those scenarios had to be dropped.

To follow the pending release of Second World War at Sea: Java Sea and Great War at Sea: Cruiser Warfare Second Edition, we’re re-making some of the Dutch East Indies scenarios and adding a great many new ones to form East Indies Campaigns, all part of a new alternative-history story.

East Indies Campaigns is its own story; it doesn’t form part of any of our ongoing alternative history story arcs. The Netherlands retains its colonies in both the Long War (the one with Plan Z and The Emperor’s Sword) and the Second Great War (the one with The Cruel Sea). They don’t quite manage to do so here, even with some German assistance.

The Japanese are based out of Taiwan initially, pressing south while avoiding British and American interests. Without aircraft (not even any airships), the fleets have to proceed as pre-war planners would have had it, with those fast scout cruisers probing ahead of the battle line in search of the enemy dreadnoughts.

A coal-fired fleet moves at a different pace than the oil-burning ships of 1942; they lack the great range of the later generation’s ships and take longer to re-fuel. That by itself changes the pace of operations, with the Japanese unable to maintain the relentless pace of their historical “Strike South” offensive and forced to move more deliberately, from island to island to secure coaling points for the fleet. They can try a daring leap forward, but it takes a lot of colliers to fill up all of those bunkers.

As in 1942, the ultimate Japanese objective is the teeming island of Java, the military, political and economic center of the Dutch East Indies. The tangled islands of the Indonesian archipelago with their narrow straits and nearly-enclosed seas offer numerous routes to the prize, and many choke points where the defenders can make their stand.

The Dutch defenders have a substantial fleet: a dozen dreadnoughts (some of them not very good), supported by a handful of useful cruisers, a larger number of less-useful cruisers, and some slow and weak coast-defense ships. The Royal Netherlands Navy’s East Indies Squadron is notably lacking in modern destroyers to escort the big ships, but does have some torpedo boats that can prove an unpleasant surprise to the invaders in some of those narrow straits between the many islands.

Assisting the Dutch are the cruisers of the German East Asia Squadron, which can’t stand up to the Japanese dreadnoughts (or even semi-dreadnoughts or pre-dreadnoughts) but can form a very helpful raiding force to endanger those long Japanese supply lines. The Dutch have been forced into the Central Powers camp by the long-awaited Japanese aggression, but Japan’s British and French allies offer no assistance for the attack on Dutch colonies and are highly opposed to the move, believing (correctly) that their own colonies are likely the next targets.

Dutch cost defense ship Hertog Hendrik moves at top speed.

The prize, as in 1942, is Java. The outer islands are rich in resources, with coal mined in Borneo and Sumatra, tin in Sumatra and the beginning of an oil industry also arising in Borneo and Sumatra. The Spice Islands (the Moluccas) still produce spices, and there are rubber plantations on Sumatra and timber on many of the islands. But Java is the center, with its huge population, modern ports and naval bases, and massive output of wet-cultivated rice.

The first edition of scenario books we did for Great War at Sea, like the old Dutch East Indies book, presented scenarios that perhaps had a connecting theme, but did not tell a connected story. We’ve moved away from the “shotgun” approach in favor of storytelling – the narrative and the scenarios are woven together to tell a cohesive story that you can play out on your game table. This Japanese war of conquest against Dutch colonies never happened, at least not in 1914, but the distraction afforded by the war in Europe did allow the Japanese to put extreme pressure on China in our actual history and would have likewise been an opportunity to seize the Netherlands East Indies.

The Netherlands did not actually build a powerful fleet of dreadnoughts; the Dutch made plans for such ships, but dithered over their design and capabilities until the Great War broke out in July 1914 and brought an abrupt end to any such possibilities, as they would likely have been built in foreign shipyards or at the very least with a great many imported components even if laid down in Dutch shipyards. Cruiser Warfare includes four of the planned dreadnoughts, in two alternative designs, while eight more are found in Jutland to three more designs. East Indies Campaigns is an opportunity to use all of them, had the Dutch answered the Japanese naval program with a buildup of their own.

East Indies Campaigns takes place over the largest stretch of water of any of the Great War at Sea games (not counting the world-wide scope of Cruiser Warfare, which isn’t exactly the same thing). The historical actions took place on very constricted waters: the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Adriatic Sea or the Black Sea. Preceding campaigns spanned the Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan and Caribbean Sea. They all have “Sea” in common, and not “Ocean.”

The much larger battlefield makes for a very different challenge. You’re going to need to scout for the enemy; you can’t count on just running into them if you sail around long enough. East Indies Campaigns uses the parts from a couple of other games to give you a new game experience.

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Mike Bennighof is president of Avalanche Press and holds a doctorate in history from Emory University. A Fulbright Scholar and NASA Journalist in Space finalist, he has published a great many books, games and articles on historical subjects; people are saying that some of them are actually good. He lives in Birmingham, Alabama with his wife, three children, and his new puppy. His Iron Dog, Leopold, could swim very well.

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